{"id":2747,"date":"2022-11-04T23:09:50","date_gmt":"2022-11-04T23:09:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wes.com.pe\/?p=2747"},"modified":"2022-11-04T23:12:59","modified_gmt":"2022-11-04T23:12:59","slug":"realmente-necesitamos-aplicar-modelacion-hidrogeologica-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wes.com.pe\/en\/realmente-necesitamos-aplicar-modelacion-hidrogeologica-2\/","title":{"rendered":"DO WE REALLY NEED TO APPLY HYDROGEOLOGICAL MODELING?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2747\" class=\"elementor elementor-2747\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c240b2 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c240b2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-60d3b9d9\" data-id=\"60d3b9d9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4c63b220 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4c63b220\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1236ffea\" data-id=\"1236ffea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69e6c938 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"69e6c938\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-47f8d89a elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"47f8d89a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-63ab3ae8\" data-id=\"63ab3ae8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf8a1f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"cf8a1f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66b62860 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"66b62860\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"349\" src=\"https:\/\/wes.com.pe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Blog_realmente_necesitamos_aplicar_la_modelacion_hidrogeologica.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-488\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wes.com.pe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Blog_realmente_necesitamos_aplicar_la_modelacion_hidrogeologica.png 970w, https:\/\/wes.com.pe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Blog_realmente_necesitamos_aplicar_la_modelacion_hidrogeologica-300x131.png 300w, https:\/\/wes.com.pe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Blog_realmente_necesitamos_aplicar_la_modelacion_hidrogeologica-768x335.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2869e3be elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2869e3be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">DO WE REALLY NEED TO APPLE HYDROGEOLOGICAL MODELING?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ba47cbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ba47cbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hydrogeological modeling is subject to the specific characteristics of the study area to be evaluated (domain), such as: geology, hydrology, hydrochemistry and hydrogeology; and to the objectives and scope of the project, so it could not configure two (02) identical hydrogeological models, which despite being geographically located and not very far apart, would not generate precisely the same results.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hydrogeological modeling has the purpose of analyzing the prediction and future behavior of the hydrogeological system. It is fundamentally based on a solid base represented by the conceptual model, which in turn requires a capacity for synthesis of the most representative variables.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The conceptual model must represent &#8211; in a descriptive and schematic way &#8211; the most important elements of the underground water system and their behavior; relying on own information (background and technical reports) and field data to search for data and concrete and specific information:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lithological description<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hydraulic characteristics<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hydrogeological units<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inventory of surface and groundwater sources<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hydrochemical characterization<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hydrological factors<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sources of anthropic influence; Recharge and \/ or contamination, use of water, presence of infrastructures (for example: aqueducts).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The numerical model results from converting the conceptual model into a mathematical representation, in which variables such as slope and topography, piezometric level, flow directions are included. In addition to the factors that favor such as flow, recharge and transit, and even concentrations of solutes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ADVANTAGES:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The conceptual model stores the real characteristics of the system that will be considered in the numerical modeling.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Numerical modeling allows evaluating the potential effects of a project or activity on an aquifer and compromised ecosystems. It should help to sustain a contingency plan against the future predictions of the simulation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It allows a highly detailed understanding of the study area, history and predictive future performance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It makes it possible to determine the availability of water resources and provide support for the efficient management of water resources.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Predict pollutant concentration for different time scenarios.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DISADVANTAGES:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The quality and quantity of the records, data and information generate uncertainty in the predictive capacity of the hydrogeological model.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The modeling software (Feflow, Modflow, Groundwater Vistas, etc.) have a cost per license, so it is considered as an informative social limitation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The absence of observation wells in a study area increases the uncertainty in the numerical model simulations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the same problem, the dilemma is to propose different models, which would indicate different predictions. For this reason, it is recommended that during the execution of the numerical model the specialist group that developed the conceptual hydrogeological model be involved.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WES PER\u00da SAC, has contributed to the development of numerical models in order to help make viable investment projects in infrastructure, hydraulic, mining and industrial.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Today we share the case of an open pit mine that required analyzing the dynamics of groundwater and identifying the changes in the hydrogeological system generated during the future expansion of a non-metallic mine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The control volume was delimited for the horizontal (related to streams and rivers) and vertical limits, analyzing the interaction between the saturated zone and the exploitation zone.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The boundary conditions (fixed level, fixed and \/ or mixed flow), the inputs and outputs of the system, the distributed zoning of the recharge by rainwater infiltration, in the model area were fixed and established.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Permeability data (determined in the conceptual model) were assigned to each hydrogeological unit, giving way to the calibration of the model in terms of water levels and flow, determining the permeabilities and entered variables presented coherence with respect to the records, tests and investigations, mainly obtained in the field.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CONCLUSIONS:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It was evidenced that there is currently no interference from excavation operations on groundwater.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During the expansion of the pit, specific changes in groundwater levels could be generated; however, the net recharge is not affected.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The expansion of some components over time will not be a problem for the underground aquifer system, since the water level is deep enough that it cannot be affected.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0cdf81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"d0cdf81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul 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